The Story Of An Hour, And Desiree s Baby Essay - 1406 Words

Many stories back then consisted of women being dominated over their husbands just because they are female and are considered the ones responsible to maintain the housework. The men who were considered dominant in this era, had the ability to control everything in terms of what the woman could and could not do. Along with that, it was expected that women were to be submissive to their husbands, or male figures in charge of their lives at the time. But in these three different stories, the outcomes of the woman all result in a significant impact to their lives in rather negative ways. In A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, The Story of an Hour, and Desiree’s Baby both by Kate Chopin, the reader experiences the reinforced and subvert gender norms present in the women with male figures who are dominant and have control over their lives. In A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, Emily faces reinforced and subvert gender norms due to the fact of her father’s dominance over her life towards the beginning of the story. It was known that Emily’s father was very controlling about who she would bring home because â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily,† (41). Due to her father’s dominance having an effect on her life, she was never really able to experience any desirable relationships that she wanted until she met Homer Barron. Unfortunately her father ended up passing away and â€Å"she went out very little,† (27) and â€Å"after her sweetheart,† (27) as the time â€Å"wentShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1309 Words   |  6 Pagesin some areas. For the author of both stories, Kate Chopin, she wanted the reader to get something out of the story. She likes to explore all types of themes in her stories such as, racism, the roles of women, and adultery. With these themes and messages she struggled to have most of her stories published. In many of her stories she passed along these messages through the manner of a marriage. In her short stories â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree s Baby† she showed just how different marriagesRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1540 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the main character, Mrs. Louise Mallard, is a woman with a heart problem that gets horrifying news that her husband has passed away in a train crash. When she starts thinking about her freedom, she gets excited; she is happy to start her new, free life. However, a few hours later her husband walks in the door and she finds out it was all a mistake. When she realizes her freedom is gone her heart stop and she then dies. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Desiree is an orphaned womanRead MoreThe Importance Of A Women And The Hierarchy Of A Male1 639 Words   |  7 PagesShe has publish many short stories such as â€Å"Story of an Hour†,† A Pair of Silt Stockings†, â€Å"A Respectable Women†, â€Å"Desiree s Baby† and â€Å"The Storm† . These stories causes people to question whether their assumptions of a novel is correct. Two major theme that Chopin promotes throughout most of her work, is the importance of a women and the hierarchy of a male. These stories all have different story lines but share a common ground which is the admiration of a women s role in life and their constantRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s Chopin 1690 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin was a famous American author of many short stories and novels. Chopin is now considered to have been a predecessor of the feminist movement and a leader of the feminist authors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Kate Chopin lived a rather traditional life as a housewife until her husband’s untimely death, wh ich significantly changed the course of her life. Chopin s career as a writer actually began when she started facing financial struggles due to the death of her husband. Chopin’sRead MoreRelationship Between Relationships And Relationships1527 Words   |  7 Pagesas good, some of them are bad and unhealthy. They can sometimes cause major problems that affect the people involved and others too. Relationships can also be between groups of people. Many stories have racism in them which is a perfect example of bad relationships with groups of people. Almost all good stories have relationships in them which shows that relationships are vital to American Literature. Having relationships is common and natural. People interact daily so the formation of new relationshipsRead MoreThe Awakening, the Story of an Hour, and Desirees Baby2934 Words   |  12 PagesThe Awakening, The Story of an Hour and Desiree’s Baby By: Destiny Frye Title The Awakening: The novel was titled â€Å"The Awakening,† because the main character Edna Pontellier goes through a series of liberations that cause her to â€Å"awaken† or become aware of her The Story of an Hour: The title refers to the actual duration of the story. All the events that take place in the story can happen in the time frame of an hour. Desiree’s Baby: The title refers to one of the main characters, ArmandRead MoreWho Am I As A Reader?1446 Words   |  6 Pageswhich meant an interesting experience for me and I consider myself literary enriched. What impressed me most of all works studied, was the theme of irony, flipped in works like Desiree’s Baby, and The Story of An Hour, by Kate Chopin and The Open Boat, by Stephen Crane. As a reader, you can imagine the end of the story in a certain way, naturally, assumed by anyone, but at the end, you are surprised by a tragic, unfortunate finish. Also, I must admit that I was deeply impressed by Shirley Jackson’s workRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesComp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, which are with few exceptionsRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of An Hour993 Words   |  4 Pagesfiction intermix in stories because writer’s base their stories of real life experiences and feelings. Kate Chopin largely based her stories off of her own life. Kate Chopin spent her childhood years in an alternative and matriarchal Louisiana town with a family that was unconventional. She challenged her nineteenth century sexist society and used her own life to put strength and feminism into her stories like â€Å"The Storm†, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† and of course â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. She lived with herRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, And Desiree s Baby2435 Words   |  10 PagesNot so long ago, there was a time that men s dominance and superiority over women was the social norm. Men were the accepted authorities in any relationship and held all the say. In the two stories, The Yellow Wallpaper, and Desiree s Baby, the female protagonists are portrayed as weak characters who are heavily dependent on their husbands for everything. Without the men in their lives, the women would be essentially helpless. But the authors of these two stores were nothing like their characters

The Evolution Of Hip Hop / Rap Essay - 1544 Words

In this essay, I will be informing you, as the reader on the evolution of Hip-Hop/Rap. The key points will be where it is today, how this genre of music is not only used as music; but is used as communication to connect with the listeners, how it affects people; physically, mentally and psychologically. In other words, I will be addressing where it was created and how it is used to speak and communicate with the listeners. This genre dates back hundreds of years ago, when African-Americans were enslaved, when rap and hip-hop were known as the same thing. This has always been a part of African American culture and they had always made it they’re own. They used this form of music to express the pain and abuse they went through; it was used as an escape from they’re daily struggle they called â€Å"life†. â€Å"Thousands of years ago in Africa â€Å"griots† where story tellers who played handmade instruments while they told stories about family and current events†¦Griots were captured against their will and forced into slavery† (Mize, 2014). Hip-Hop and rap resurfaced in the Bronx, in the 70’s, around this time people in Bronx were going through, poverty, unemployment, increased crime, etc. Which caused them to have freedom of expression through rhyming; creating the meaning rap. Although the meaning of the word â€Å"Rap† original meant to strike or blow. Which in my opinion fits perfectly because they are striking mentally with words instead of physically. This genre is basically a form ofShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Is A Genre Of Music1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent places and different nationality. Hip hop is a cultural movement that emerged in the 1970s in the United States among Latin Americans, Jamaicans and African American that aimed to protest the social conflicts and violence suffered by the lower classes of urban society. Hip Hop is a genre of music that has significantly grown the last couple of decades. Since the music hip pop stems from the historical conditions by different nations, hip hop became a symbol for both characteristics andRead MoreEssay about Hip-Hop1452 Words   |  6 PagesHip-Hop When you hear the phase Hip-Hop what do you think of? Music, Dancing, Rapping? Well, its all of that and more hip-hop is a culture. According to Websters dictionary, culture is defined as the concepts, habits, skills, arts, instruments, institutions, etc. of a given people in a given period; civilization. One artist defined hip-hop as a set of expressions in vocalization, instrumentation, dancing and the visual arts. More specifically, hip hop is a combination of graffiti, breakdancingRead MoreHip Hop Is Not Going Anywhere1545 Words   |  7 PagesSince Old School’s Hip Hop conception, the genre has gone way beyond what the genre’s originators could have imagined. Each period since the founding of Hip Hop has added to the evolution of the culture and have altered it into something that is more than just a hobby, but a mindset and a part of life that cannot be separated from many different cultures globally. In 1977, popular Hip Hop MCs and Djs lived in poverty in New York and in 2016 artist like Sean Combs, Dr. Dre, and Jay-Z are worth $2Read MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1505 Words   |  7 PagesSwiss Hip Hop and Rap According to Michael Dyson and Wikipedia, Hip hop music and Hip Hop culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City. The genre became home to and was developed by African American youth residing in the Bronx. Block parties involved DJs playing very percussive breaks of popular songs Then Rapping developed as the primary vocal style of the genre. Hip hop s early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum-machines becameRead MoreEvolution of Hip-Hop1215 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Hip-Hop From where it started to where it is now, Cuban hip-hop has transformed greatly. Without the United States, hip-hop in Cuba certainly would not be where it is today. The United States is the hub of hip-hop and helped to jumpstart hip-hop in Cuba. While this is true, hip-hop in the United States completely differs from that of Cuba for the better. Even though hip-hop in Cuba did not start from much, the amount of development and influence this music has towards Cuba is immeasurableRead MoreAnalysis Of J. Cole s The Album 2014 Forest Hill Drive Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of how far it strays from the lyrical composition of popular rap artists of today. Majority of rap artists in the 2000’s rely heavily on commercial producers and multiple artist features to promote the popularity of their album. Rappers often do not stray far from crude, sexual and misogynistic lyrics just to gain fame and cash flow for their label. As a hip-hop artist, J. Cole manages to gain mor e success than any rap album with no features. J. Cole writes an honest, and nostalgic albumRead MoreReligion in Rap Music1550 Words   |  7 PagesHip hop music, also called hip-hop,rap music or hip-hop music, is a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping DJing/scratching, break dancing and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing While often used to refer to rapping, â€Å"hip hop† more properly denotes theRead MoreWomen Of Hip Hop Culture Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesWomen have decided to consume hip hop regardless of the sexism and machismo of their rap artist spouses. Historically, black women who have sex with other women haven’t been recognized in the Black community. Also, the expectations are the same in hip hop culture because men reject lesbians. An example is the murder in 2003 of Sakia Gunn after she declared her lesbian identity to a group of males. We all know that in hip hop culture men predominate and precisely masculine. Women can achieve a higherRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 PagesDominiquie Gray English- 102 Argumentative Essay 6 December 2015 The Hip Hop Generation and its Impact on Society. Throughout history, Hip Hop has manifest into more than a simple form of life, but as a powerful cultural movement. Hip Hop plays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural normsRead MoreMusic in Generations Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines the generation. When music is created, it integrates the cultural and emotional situations that occur in everyday life. People create dances to the transformation of music. For example, a comedian, Judson Laipply has create the â€Å"evolution of dance.† This dance incorporates different genres, songs and dances of each generation. He shows dances that people have created overtime to interact with beats of songs. These two videos show perfect examples of how people have created their

Essay on Venture Capital †Motivations For Corporate Venturing Free Essays

string(104) " decision to limit innovative activities to internal RD unit is more problematic \(Cumming et al\." 1. Introduction Traditionally, the interest of companies in creating venture funds was influenced by the venture capital climate. Increased rates of corporate venturing activity recorded in the 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s were in correspondence with the flourishing venture capital investments (Narayanan et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Venture Capital – Motivations For Corporate Venturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2009). Despite the deterioration in private equity investment owing to the fall of the dot-com sector in early 21st century, corporate venturing is still considered to be an important business activity in large business organisations (Gailly et al., 2014). However, corporate venturing is marred with complexity including the disconcerting array of existing corporate venturing forms (Guerrero Pena-Legazkue, 2013). As Garg (2013) argues, for many years, large business organisations have been cautious about the idea of corporate venturing. Some have witnessed a failure of their venture initiatives while others have given up so easily. Generally, the lifespan of corporate venturing initiative is around one year (Basu Wadhwa, 2013). Even business organisations with a strong capital base have struggled to utilise knowledge that is gained from start-up initiatives (Basu et al., 2011). Certainly, it is not easy to run a corporate venture capital successfully. However, as the rate of disco ntents in research and development increase, corporate venturing is gaining respect and appreciation in the business world (Masulis Nahata, 2009). To clearly position the reasons that motivate organisations to consider corporate venturing, it is imperative to analyse the concept of growth and development as a result of the effectiveness of research and development initiatives at the organisational level. 2. Venturing and Firm Innovativeness Ideas that are innovative can be produced via internal RD or access externally through activities such as corporate venture capital initiative. Companies must not limit themselves to in-house RD as a source of innovativeness. In spite of the high prevalence of internal RD as a source of innovativeness in many business organisations from a historical perspective, a decision to limit an organisation to sourcing its innovativeness from internal RD has its limitations (Srivastava Agrawal, 2010; Guerrero Pena-Legazkue, 2013). As research on economic-based industries suggests, monopolies lack efficiency which results in the costs associated with inefficiency being passed down to the final consumer (Narayanan et al., 2009; NappMinshall, 2011). This idea is also recognised in corporate entrepreneurship research. Specifically, Gaba and Bhattacharya (2012) argued that elevated RD expenditure at the organisational level is an indicator of internal inefficiencies and elevated agency costs rath er than successful innovative initiatives or antagonistic risk-taking approaches. Therefore, it is necessary for corporations to eliminate the monopoly enjoyed by their RD units. Economics positions the existence of competing players as a source of efficiency when compared to a monopoly state (Basu et al., 2011). At organisational level, structuring of corporate innovative initiatives can be realised through the development of several RD centre or supporting various technological initiatives through approaches such as corporate venture capital. Furthermore, research has raised concerns over the possibility of collusion pitfalls in cases where the number of players is limited (Napp Minshall, 2011; Basu Wadhwa, 2013). This can be addressed by offering a significant geographical dispersion of RD centres. Indeed, according to Gaba and Bhattacharya (2012), having numerous research sites that are geographically distributed enhances corporate innovativeness by providing assistance in disabling organisational inertia, offering variety, and ultimately speeding up the dev elopment of new capabilities and technological advancement. The option of multiple technological activities that is founded on corporate venture capital initiatives is also common among various leading companies on a global scale in the recent past. A decision to introduce the concept of competition in processes that generate organisational innovativeness has been found to eliminate inefficiencies in organisational innovativeness activities (Maula et al., 2009). Agency theory emphasises on inefficiencies that emanate from contracting associations between a firms engaging another firm to undertake certain activity on its behalf, which entails a decision to delegate a significant decision-making authority to an agent (Srivastava Agrawal, 2010). The consideration, in this case, is that both players in the contract are rational, self-interested, risk-averse, and opportunistic. Consequently, the opportunistic behaviour of the agent may not be in agreement with the best interests of the principal (Garg, 2013; Bruneel et al., 2013). The agentâ€⠄¢s opportunistic behaviour is manifested via adverse selection, moral hazards, and hold-up (Cumming Johan, 2010). In addition, any form of misalignment that exists between the principal’s and the agent’s interests implies enduring loss by the principal (Maula et al., 2009; Souitaris Zerbinati, 2014). A typical situation where an agency problem is applicable is the case of a relationship between business managers and owners (Cumming Johan, 2010). However, this situation can easily be applied to the relationship between a firm’s RD unit and its top management. In this case, the internal RD unit is positioned as an agent of the firm’s top management that is involved in technical advancement. Therefore, selection process that is adverse may be a significant issue if the RD unit initiates a project that extends beyond its expertise. The issue of moral hazards is common in cases where actions taken by an agent cannot be verified which is a common occurrence in complex research and development projects, where observable results rather than behaviours that cannot be verified is the solution (Narayanan et al., 2009). Hold-up challenges may emerge when internal projects that are not successful are not suspended from corporate funding even when the outcomes are useless in spi te of significant corporate expenditure. Therefore, a decision to create a corporate venture capital initiative is a solution to some of the problems associated with agency challenges. Specifically, corporate venture capital plans provide internal RD units with a significant challenge over their monopoly on generating organisational innovation. According to a research done by Basu et al. (2011), challenging the monopoly by internal RD unit on innovation production has assisted several business firms to directly move into successful business initiatives that would have been assumed under normal internal RD situation. As much as corporate venturing is considered to be dangerous due to the threat of opportunism (Garg, 2013), a decision to limit innovative activities to internal RD unit is more problematic (Cumming et al. You read "Essay on Venture Capital – Motivations For Corporate Venturing" in category "Essay examples", 2009). The challenges associated with monopolies are just part of the challenges. Without sufficie nt level of diversity, strategic renewal, which is considered a major entrepreneurship, can never be realised. Development of corporate venture initiatives is, therefore, significant in minimising moral hazards and adverse selection (Maula et al., 2009). Allocating an organisation’s funds to a corporate venture is a significant threat to the availability of funds that can be applied in internal RD projects, which spurs competition based on the economic perspective analysed above. 3. Motives that Drive Corporate Venturing Research has established that a corporate venture capital fund is more flexible, can move faster, and is generally cheaper when compared the conventional research and development in assisting an organisation in the process of responding to changes in business models and technologies (Maula et al., 2009; NappMinshall, 2011). According to Garg (2013), such a fund can be used in the process of stimulating demand for a firm’s products. Furthermore, corporate venture capital is an investment that may earn a company a return that is attractive. It is, therefore, a tool that is used by a firm in capturing ideas that ultimately influence the future of an organisation. There are various benefits that come with venture capital including faster response, better analysis of business threats, easier disengagement, enhanced investment impacts, increased demand, and higher returns. 3.1. Venturing and Business Response Through offering an inside perspective of new technological areas as well as an approach that can lead to possible ownership and use of novel ideas, corporate venturing allows businesses to swiftly respond to changes in the market. In a study done by (Narayanan et al., 2009) about venturing initiatives, it was established that companies that were able to make successful financial investments experienced better success levels. Consequently, such development capabilities that are experienced under venture capital initiative take a longer period of time to be realised if done by a firm on its own and is generally more expensive (Souitaris Zerbinati, 2014). Given the resources and time needed to modernise research facilities and recruit researchers with the right skills and expertise, expanding a firm’s internal research and development can be generally painstaking (Phan et al., 2009). 3.2. Venture Capital in Threat Management Venture fund can be used by an organisation as an approach to gathering intelligence, which assists the firm in protecting itself from emerging threats to its competitiveness in the market. For instance, Analog Devices, the silicon-chip specialist formulated a venture program in the 1980s focused at investing in a variety of competing technologies (Basu et al., 2011). The goal, in this case, was to collect strategic information at a lower cost. The process resulted in a discovery that it was difficult and expensive to make chips using non-silicon materials. This resulted in a hike in Analog’s market valuation. In this case, the decision to utilise corporate venturing program offered the company a source of insurance. In this case, if the alternatives that the company had opted to explore had been viable, it was covered from the risk of being faced out of the market by its competitors. Conventional approaches to research and development does not offer data that can be used in p redicting sources of competitive forces. Specifically, most corporate research and development units focus on projects that are narrow which can result in neglect of areas that can cause a significant disruption from external competitors. Accordingly Phan et al. (2009) argue that most business managers in firms with versatile internal RD functions face challenges when it comes to determining whether their companies are blindsided with regard to new innovative developments that may threaten their competitiveness 3.3. Venturing and Easier Detachment Another positive aspect of venturing that is related to the ability of a firm to speed up its response to threats and change is that it offers organisational management a faster approach to detach from investments that appear to be doomed to fail. In particular, many firms find it challenging to abandon innovations that are not very good but are developed internally (Rohrbeck et al., 2009). Such projects can remain in a firm’s product development for many years resisting termination. This can well be illustrated by Nokia’s continued focus on developing its mobile phones based on the Symbian operating system even when most of its competitors had opted to go into free fall, which negatively affected the competitiveness of Nokia in the market. The relationship that exists between firms and their venture funds which is arm’s-length is advantageous in this respect. In particular, as much as a firm may be reluctant to terminate an initiative that is unpromising, the pr esence of co-investors provides a platform for forcing the decision. 3.4. Venture Capital and Increased Impacts of Investment Venture Capital provides business firms opportunities for combining their capital with other venture capitals, which results in the magnification of the effects of an investment to a firm. These benefits are particularly apparent in cases where technological uncertainty is significantly higher. The iFund, which was supported by Apple Company and introduced in the market by Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers, a venerable VC firm, provides an illustration of this case. This investment enabled Apple to build applications for its new mobile phone products at the lowest cost possible. This was in contrast to the case of Nokia, which was a major market rival to Apple Company whose operating system, Symbian was unsuccessful and very costly. As a result of the success of the iFund, similar such initiatives have been positioned by many other companies including famous venture capital developments such as Facebook and Research in Motion. 3.5. Venturing and Market Demand Venture firm provides a firm with several sources of leveraging. This can be illustrated by the iFund case. In particular, a decision by venture capitalists to promote the development of technologies that were reliant on the parent firm business platforms results in increased demand for the firm’s products. This approach was considered by Intel Capital in the late 1990s when it founded a capital that speeded the adoption of Intel’s next generation chips in the market (Rohrbeck et al., 2009). This fund was invested in numerous hardware and software makers who were mostly Intel competitors and their products capitalised on the power presented by the new chip developed by Intel. These investments resulted in the accelerated adoption of Intel chip within a short period of time. Intel capital was also involved in seeding firms that were developing wireless internet products founded on a platform that had been championed by Intel. This resulted in rapid adoption of wireless p roducts from Intel in the following years, which illustrated the success of the company in applying corporate venturing in creating a network of wireless actors. 3.6. Venturing and Returns Research has also established a financial benefit that is associated with venturing. Specifically, the main objective of any venture capital initiative is to generate revenue for the partners. With regard to corporate venture capital, the main goal is gaining a strategic advantage in the market, which ultimately culminates in increased profitability as much as the initial income generated as a result of the venture itself is insignificant with regard to the bottom line of corporate firms (Masulis Nahata, 2009). Business organisations introduce value in start-ups that they find, which is commonly in the form of resources, skills, and reputation (Phan et al., 2009). This also changes the perception of the new entity’s prospects in the face of external investors. Public and private equity investors generally believe that start-ups that are founded on venture capital will be absorbed by the investors at an attractive valuation. Accordingly, Basu et al. (2011) established that bus iness start-ups that are funded by corporations are more likely to attract more attention among high-quality players in the market when compared to ordinary start-ups. It also emerged that such start-ups that are backed by corporate venture funds have a better performance with regard to stock price when compared to those that are backed by traditional investment groups. 4. Conclusion The analysis of the corporate venture capital and its significance in the business world demonstrated a clear picture of its implication in growth, development, and competitiveness of business organisations in the wake of a globalised business environment. Specifically, it was apparent that corporate venture capital initiative could be applied by business organisations in increasing their innovativeness and the general firm efficiency and ultimately their competitiveness. Consequently, corporate venture capital initiatives demonstrate entrepreneurial aspects that are associated with significant effects on business corporations. Consequently, based on the deeper analysis of the strategic aspects of corporate venture capital investments, this paper has affirmed that it plays a strategic role in competitiveness and sustainability of corporate entities in the contemporary business settings hence an attractive initiative in most corporations. 5. References Basu, S., Wadhwa, A. (2013). â€Å"External venturing and discontinuous strategic renewal: An options perspective.† Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), pp. 956-975. Basu, S., Phelps, C., Kotha, S. (2011). â€Å"Towards understanding who makes corporate venture capital investments and why,† Journal of Business Venturing, 26(2), pp. 153-171. Bruneel, J., Van de Velde, E., Clarysse, B. (2013). â€Å"Impact of the Type of Corporate Spin?Off on Growth.† Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), pp. 943-959. Cumming, D., Johan, S. (2010). â€Å"Venture capital investment duration.† Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), pp. 228-257. Cumming, D., Fleming, G., Schwienbacher, A. (2009). â€Å"Corporate relocation in venture capital finance.† Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(5), pp. 1121-1155. Gaba, V., Bhattacharya, S. (2012). â€Å"Aspirations, innovation, and corporate venture capital: A behavioural perspective.† Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(2), pp. 178-199. Gailly, B., Da Gbadji, A. G., Schwienbacher, A. (2014). â€Å"International analysis of venture capital programs of large corporations and financial institutions.† Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, Forthcoming. Garg, S. (2013). â€Å"Venture boards: Distinctive monitoring and implications for firm performance.† Academy of Management Review, 38(1), pp. 90-108. Guerrero, M., Pena-Legazkue, I. (2013). â€Å"The effect of intrapreneurial experience on corporate venturing: Evidence from developed economies.† International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), pp. 397-416. Guerrero, M., Pena-Legazkue, I. (2013). â€Å"The effect of intrapreneurial experience on corporate venturing: Evidence from developed economies.† International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), pp. 397-416. Masulis, R. W., Nahata, R. (2009). â€Å"Financial contracting with strategic investors: Evidence from corporate venture capital backed IPOs.† Journal of Financial Intermediation, 18(4), pp. 599-631. Maula, M. V., Autio, E., Murray, G. C. (2009). â€Å"Corporate venture capital and the balance of risks and rewards for portfolio companies.† Journal of Business Venturing, 24(3), pp. 274-286. Napp, J. J., Minshall, T. (2011). â€Å"Corporate venture capital investments for enhancing innovation: challenges and solutions.† Research-Technology Management, 54(2), 27-36. Narayanan, V. K., Yang, Y., Zahra, S. A. (2009). â€Å"Corporate venturing and value creation: A review and proposed framework.† Research Policy, 38(1), pp. 58-76. Phan, P. H., Wright, M., Ucbasaran, D., Tan, W. L. (2009). â€Å"Corporate entrepreneurship: Current research and future directions.† Journal of business Venturing, 24(3), pp. 197-205. Rohrbeck, R., Dohler, M., Arnold, H. (2009). â€Å"Creating growth with externalization of RD results—the spin?along approach.† Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 28(4), pp. 44-51. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S. (2014). â€Å"How do corporate venture capitalists do dealsAn exploration of corporate investment practices.† Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 8(4), pp. 321-348. Srivastava, N., Agrawal, A. (2010). â€Å"Factors supporting corporate entrepreneurship: an exploratory study.† Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 14(3), pp.163-171. How to cite Essay on Venture Capital – Motivations For Corporate Venturing, Essay examples

Innovation and Business Development Plan Free-Samples â€Myassignment

Questions: Write an Essay to Develop your understanding of the Business Model as a Concept and How a Theoretical Understanding of Business Models can be used to Explain Value Creation, Value Appropriation or the Innovation Process at Firms in Real-Life. Answers: This essay has been developed to understand the concept of a business model. This essay will also help to understand how the theoretical understanding of a business model can be utilized to explain value creation, value appreciation and innovation process used in an organization in real life. Business model can be defined as the process in which a company can generate revenue and gain profit from various business operations (Kindstrm Kowalkowski, 2014). In order to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of firms business model most of business analysts use gross profit metric. Kastalli and Van Looy (2013) stated that gross profit of a company can be calculated by subtracting cost of goods sold from the revenue generated. Itami and Nishino (2010) mentioned that a business model has two major elements. They are such as business system and a model of profit. Itami and Nishino (2010) described business system as the system of work that a company designs to send its products and services to its target clientele. On the other hand, profit model has been discussed a pattern of a company through which it intends to make profit from its business. Itami and Nishino (2010) argued that, the intention of an organization to perused customers will not become successful, if they are n ot backed up by system of work or business system. Itami and Nishino (2010) had provided a basic business model to show the significance of business system. This business model helped to explain that system of work is central to the success of a companys learning system. Figure 1: Example of a basic business model (Source: Itami Nishino, 2010) Itami and Nishino (2010) used Google as example of an ideal business model. Goggles profit model is that the service users do not have to pay a penny to Goggle (Casadesus?Masanell Zhu, 2013). Instead the company capitalizes on their presence its search engine by selling the site space to the advertiser. The company has provided effort to reduce the cost of providing free service to users. The company has developed in-house server system to cut down the cost. All these hardware and software capabilities can be considered as the main framework of business system. Itami and Nishino (2010) mentioned that the profit model used by this company will never become effective in the absence of its business systems. It helps the company to gather information about the service use pattern and help to anticipate next generation of services it might provide. If the new services are not valued by service users then Google changes these services accordingly (value creation, value appreciation and in novation process). However, Zott and Amit (2010) had described business models differently. According to Zott and Amit (2010), business model is the system that can help a company to indentify its target market and help the company to fulfill all the needs of customers. According to all these authors business models can be conceptualized as an activity-based system. Effectiveness different models can vary from company to company (Saebi Foss, 2015). This is due to the fact that the ways in which companies create and capture value can differ significantly. Hence, it can be stated that effectiveness of a business model is much dependent on the organizations unique context. Business models can provide managers the flexibility the implement all the necessary changes and also help to compose all the elements of change. It provides a clear picture about how a company operates. According to Zott and Amit (2010), a business model activity system has three major design parameters or element. They are such as ac tivity content, activity system structure and activity system governance. Activity system can be referred as selection of activities. For example, in addition to all other activities of a retail bank, Bancolombia has adopted activities to provide microcredit service to 60% Colombians, who does not have access banking service. On the other hand, activity system structure can describe how different activities are linked with each other. For example, during the financial crisis, IBM had shifted from hard ware supplier to become service provide. For this reason, the company has developed various activities related with IT infrastructure, consulting and related with various other services and become successful. Zott and Amit (2010) stated that activity system governance help to identify those persons, who performs these activities. All these issues that a manager needs to consider while developing a business model for an organization. Kodama (2009) had developed a research work to present a new business model along with Japanese leadership style so that an independent knowledge integration model can be created. This model provided two insights related with new knowledge creation. First one is the vertical value chain model used in Japanese companies. These second one is co-evaluation model that develops win-win situation in a business. The business model has been provided below: Figure 2: Knowledge integration model (Source: Kodama, 2009) Kodama (2009) stated that, new knowledge creation includes two major concepts such as new boundary conceptions and knowledge integration process. Creative view and dialectic view can help a company in value creation and value proposition. On the other hand, innovative ideas can be developed using knowledge integration process. It includes development of dynamic human networks and establishing architecture on knowledge integration process. In order to increase innovation in a business system, a company has to take care of the three major elements. They are such as 1) labor division between a company and its trading pattern 2) organization of its in-house working system 3) assessing control activities and trading patterns (Itami Nishino, 2010). Toyota has been provided as the best example that implemented innovation in its business with the help of its business model. Itami and Nishino (2010) stated that, Toyotas business system is exceptional in all these three aspects. Firstly the company outsources many vital parts. However, in order to reduce the cost of outsourcing the company outsources and produces same parts in-house simultaneously. Secondly, instead of using only one supplier for outsourcing, the company uses two to four suppliers. Thirdly, the company has developed continuous relationship with a specific group of suppliers. Hence, the Toyota Production System can be used both as internal system of work organi zation and external system to control suppliers. Carayannis et al. (2015) added by saying that, in order to get innovative ideas for its business model, the company has arranged various forums to compare the technologies and costs used by different suppliers. It provides Toyota the opportunity to exchange various information related with product elements and competition. From this analysis, it can be stated that doing is learning. A company has to develop a business model in accordance to its business type. It can help find out the target customers and help to fulfill their needs. However, Schneider and Spieth (2013) argued that not every business model is equally effective for all organization. After implementing a business model, a company has to continuously assess its effectiveness in business. If any flaw occurs in the business model, then the management team has to make necessary changes. Hence a company can learn more about the effectiveness of a business model by doing activities mentioned in it continuously. It will help the company to meet the needs of their customers better than their competitors. Form Toyotas and Goggles business model, it can be assessed that they not only satisfy customer needs as system of work, better than their competitors but also help people in these organizations to learn more about customer reaction, trends and t echnologies. Maglio and Spohrer (2013) stated that, business models can also work as learning system as doing work means learning more about the work. It also can provide valuable database to the company that can be become helpful for the organization in future. For instance, developing own software and operating in-house server system provides various important information to Google (Schneider Spieth, 2013). The management of the company comes to understand how the software can be improved. In addition, they can get the internet search pattern of their service users. On the other hand, by implementing Toyota Production system, the company can learn both about new technology innovation and cost of production of auto parts. Hence, in conclusion it can be stated that business model is not just a system to control business operation and product development but it can also act as the learning system for an organization. It can help to find out how a company can find out the target market and set the value for its products for the customers. In addition, it can provide relevant information to the company related with customer trends. It can be useful for the company in future to develop new business strategies or business models that can be more effective. In addition, business model can provide in-depth knowledge about the business operation. This knowledge can be used to implement innovation in the organization. Knowledge integration model is the best example, in which Japanese companies create knowledge integration and implement innovation in their business. However, management of a company needs to understand that effectiveness of business model can vary in accordance to the type of business a company i s doing and in accordance to the changing trend. Hence, continuous assessment of business model is required Video Transcript Business model is the method in which a company can generate revenue and gain profit from various business operations. A business model has two major elements, such as business system or system of work and a model of profit. It can be stated that system of work is central to the success of a companys learning system. Goggle and Toyota can be used as good example of successful business models. Goggles profit model is that the service users do not have to pay a penny to Goggle. Instead the company capitalizes on their presence its search engine by selling the site space to the advertiser. The company has provided effort to reduce the cost of providing free service to users. The company has developed in-house server system to cut down the cost. All these hardware and software capabilities can be considered as the main framework of business system. Toyota has been provided as the best example that implemented innovation in its business with the help of its business model. The company outsources many vital parts. However, in order to reduce the cost of outsourcing the company outsources and produces same parts in-house simultaneously. Secondly, instead of using only one supplier for outsourcing, the company uses two to four suppliers. Thirdly, the company has developed continuous relationship with a specific group of suppliers. Hence, the Toyota Production System can be used both as internal system of work organization and external system to control suppliers. The company has arranged various forums to compare the technologies and costs used by different suppliers. It provides the opportunity to add innovation it its business operation. Many companies of Japan have used knowledge integration model to enhance value creation, value proposition and innovation. Creative view and dialectic view can help a company in value creation and value proposition. On the other hand, innovative ideas can be developed using knowledge integration process. In order to develop a successful business model, management team has to remember that doing is learning. After implementing a business model, a company has to continuously assess its effectiveness in business. If any flaw occurs in the business model, then the management team has to make necessary changes. In addition, business model can provide in-depth knowledge about the business operation. This knowledge can be used to implement innovation in the organization. However, the most significant thing about business model is that effectiveness of it depends upon the type of business that a company is doing. Hence, through continuous assessment, management team has to find out the best suited business model for an organization. References Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. Casadesus?Masanell, R., Zhu, F. (2013). Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models.Strategic management journal,34(4), 464-482. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kastalli, I. V., Van Looy, B. (2013). Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), 169-180. Kindstrm, D., Kowalkowski, C. 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